The Docker CLI

1. Manage Docker Images

Build a Docker Image: 

Command: docker build

docker build [options] .

-t "app/container_name" # name

Description: Create an image from a Dockerfile.

docker run [options] IMAGE
  # see `docker create` for options

Description: Run a command in an image.

3. Manage containers

docker create

docker create [options] IMAGE
  -a, --attach               # attach stdout/err
  -i, --interactive          # attach stdin (interactive)
  -t, --tty                  # pseudo-tty
      --name NAME            # name your image
  -p, --publish 5000:5000    # port map
      --expose 5432          # expose a port to linked containers
  -P, --publish-all          # publish all ports
      --link container:alias # linking
  -v, --volume `pwd`:/app    # mount (absolute paths needed)
  -e, --env NAME=hello       # env vars

Example

$ docker create --name app_redis_1 \
  --expose 6379 \
  redis:3.0.2

Create a container from an image.

4. Executing command in a container

docker exec

docker exec [options] CONTAINER COMMAND
  -d, --detach        # run in background
  -i, --interactive   # stdin
  -t, --tty           # interactive

Example

$ docker exec app_web_1 tail logs/development.log
$ docker exec -t -i app_web_1 rails c

Run commands in a container.

5.  Start a Container

docker start

docker start [options] CONTAINER
  -a, --attach        # attach stdout/err
  -i, --interactive   # attach stdin

docker stop [options] CONTAINER

Start/stop a container.

6. Managing Container

docker ps

$ docker ps
$ docker ps -a
$ docker kill $ID

Manage containers using ps/kill.

7. Managing Images

docker images

$ docker images
  REPOSITORY   TAG        ID
  ubuntu       12.10      b750fe78269d
  me/myapp     latest     7b2431a8d968

$ docker images -a   # also show intermediate

Manages images.

8. Delete Image

docker rmi

docker rmi b750fe78269d

Deletes images.

Also see

• Getting Started (docker.io)

9. Dockerfile

Inheritance

FROM ruby:2.2.2

Variables

ENV APP_HOME /myapp
RUN mkdir $APP_HOME

Initialization

RUN bundle install

WORKDIR /myapp

VOLUME ["/data"]
# Specification for mount point

ADD file.xyz /file.xyz
COPY --chown=user:group host_file.xyz /path/container_file.xyz

Onbuild

ONBUILD RUN bundle install
# when used with another file

Commands

EXPOSE 5900
CMD    ["bundle", "exec", "rails", "server"]

Entrypoint

ENTRYPOINT ["executable", "param1", "param2"]
ENTRYPOINT command param1 param2

Configures a container that will run as an executable.

ENTRYPOINT exec top -b

This will use shell processing to substitute shell variables, and will ignore any CMD or docker run command line arguments.

Metadata

LABEL version="1.0"

LABEL "com.example.vendor"="ACME Incorporated"
LABEL com.example.label-with-value="foo"

LABEL description="This text illustrates \
that label-values can span multiple lines."

See also

• https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/

docker-compose

Basic example

# docker-compose.yml
version: '2'

services:
  web:
    build: .
    # build from Dockerfile
    context: ./Path
    dockerfile: Dockerfile
    ports:
     - "5000:5000"
    volumes:
     - .:/code
  redis:
    image: redis

Commands

docker-compose start
docker-compose stop

docker-compose pause
docker-compose unpause

docker-compose ps
docker-compose up
docker-compose down

Reference

{: .-three-column}

Building

web:
  # build from Dockerfile
  build: .

  # build from custom Dockerfile
  build:
    context: ./dir
    dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev

  # build from image
  image: ubuntu
  image: ubuntu:14.04
  image: tutum/influxdb
  image: example-registry:4000/postgresql
  image: a4bc65fd

Ports

  ports:
    - "3000"
    - "8000:80"  # guest:host

  # expose ports to linked services (not to host)
  expose: ["3000"]

Commands

  # command to execute
  command: bundle exec thin -p 3000
  command: [bundle, exec, thin, -p, 3000]

  # override the entrypoint
  entrypoint: /app/start.sh
  entrypoint: [php, -d, vendor/bin/phpunit]

Environment variables

  # environment vars
  environment:
    RACK_ENV: development
  environment:
    - RACK_ENV=development

  # environment vars from file
  env_file: .env
  env_file: [.env, .development.env]

Dependencies

  # makes the `db` service available as the hostname `database`
  # (implies depends_on)
  links:
    - db:database
    - redis

  # make sure `db` is alive before starting
  depends_on:
    - db

Other options

  # make this service extend another
  extends:
    file: common.yml  # optional
    service: webapp

  volumes:
    - /var/lib/mysql
    - ./_data:/var/lib/mysql

Advanced features

Labels

services:
  web:
    labels:
      com.example.description: "Accounting web app"

DNS servers

services:
  web:
    dns: 8.8.8.8
    dns:
      - 8.8.8.8
      - 8.8.4.4

Devices

services:
  web:
    devices:
    - "/dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0"

External links

services:
  web:
    external_links:
      - redis_1
      - project_db_1:mysql

Hosts

services:
  web:
    extra_hosts:
      - "somehost:192.168.1.100"

sevices

To view list of all the services runnning in swarm

docker service ls 

To see all running services

docker stack services stack_name

to see all services logs

docker service logs stack_name service_name 

To scale services quickly across qualified node

docker service scale stack_name_service_name=replicas

Cleaning up

To clean or prune unused (dangling) images

docker image prune 

To remove all images which are not in use containers , add – a

docker image prune -a 

To Prune your entire system

docker system prune 

To leave swarm

docker swarm leave  

To remove swarm ( deletes all volume data and database info)

docker stack rm stack_name  

To kill all running containers

docker kill $(docekr ps -q ) 

Reference

• https://github.com/collabnix/dockerlabs/blob/master/docker/cheatsheet/README.md2.